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Your session has expired

You’ve been logged out due to inactivity

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login Your account has been temporarily locked because of too many failed login attempts. Please try again later. The code entered has expired. Please request a new code to continue. The code entered is not valid. Please request a new code to continue. Email address format is not valid. Your account has not been verified. Please check your email for instructions on how to verify your credentials. Your account has been disabled. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login This account has reached its limit for daily password resets. Please try again in 24 hours. Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. That password was recently used. Please enter a new one. Password is not strong enough. Password cannot contain any forbidden words. Password is a commonly used password. Password cannot contain common words. Password cannot contain repeating characters. Password cannot contain sequence of characters. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. The account information you provided does not match our records. This account is not authorized to perform the request you've initiated. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. We are unable to log you out of all the application Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

Session time out

Due to inactivity, you’ll be automatically logged out in

 

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Please enter the email address you used when registering.

Invalid login
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Email sent

If you have a valid account with us, you will receive an email with instructions to reset your password.

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login Your account has been temporarily locked because of too many failed login attempts. Please try again later. The code entered has expired. Please request a new code to continue. The code entered is not valid. Please request a new code to continue. Email address format is not valid. Your account has not been verified. Please check your email for instructions on how to verify your credentials. Your account has been disabled. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login This account has reached its limit for daily password resets. Please try again in 24 hours. Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. That password was recently used. Please enter a new one. Password is not strong enough. Password cannot contain any forbidden words. Password is a commonly used password. Password cannot contain common words. Password cannot contain repeating characters. Password cannot contain sequence of characters. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. The account information you provided does not match our records. This account is not authorized to perform the request you've initiated. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. We are unable to log you out of all the application Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

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Two-step verification

In order to change your password, we need to verify your identity. We will send an authorization code to the email address on file.

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login Your account has been temporarily locked because of too many failed login attempts. Please try again later. The code entered has expired. Please request a new code to continue. The code entered is not valid. Please request a new code to continue. Email address format is not valid. Your account has not been verified. Please check your email for instructions on how to verify your credentials. Your account has been disabled. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login This account has reached its limit for daily password resets. Please try again in 24 hours. Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. That password was recently used. Please enter a new one. Password is not strong enough. Password cannot contain any forbidden words. Password is a commonly used password. Password cannot contain common words. Password cannot contain repeating characters. Password cannot contain sequence of characters. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. The account information you provided does not match our records. This account is not authorized to perform the request you've initiated. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. We are unable to log you out of all the application Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

Two-step verification

Please enter the 6-digit code sent to your email. If you have not received a code, you may not have a registered account.

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login Your account has been temporarily locked because of too many failed login attempts. Please try again later. The code entered has expired. Please request a new code to continue. The code entered is not valid. Please request a new code to continue. Email address format is not valid. Your account has not been verified. Please check your email for instructions on how to verify your credentials. Your account has been disabled. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login This account has reached its limit for daily password resets. Please try again in 24 hours. Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. That password was recently used. Please enter a new one. Password is not strong enough. Password cannot contain any forbidden words. Password is a commonly used password. Password cannot contain common words. Password cannot contain repeating characters. Password cannot contain sequence of characters. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. The account information you provided does not match our records. This account is not authorized to perform the request you've initiated. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. We are unable to log you out of all the application Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

Please create a new password

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login Your account has been temporarily locked because of too many failed login attempts. Please try again later. The code entered has expired. Please request a new code to continue. The code entered is not valid. Please request a new code to continue. Email address format is not valid. Your account has not been verified. Please check your email for instructions on how to verify your credentials. Your account has been disabled. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login This account has reached its limit for daily password resets. Please try again in 24 hours. Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. That password was recently used. Please enter a new one. Password is not strong enough. Password cannot contain any forbidden words. Password is a commonly used password. Password cannot contain common words. Password cannot contain repeating characters. Password cannot contain sequence of characters. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. The account information you provided does not match our records. This account is not authorized to perform the request you've initiated. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. We are unable to log you out of all the application Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.
  • Must be at least 9 characters long
  • Must have at least one capital letter
  • Must have a number
  • Must have a special character
  • Cannot contain any characters that repeat more than twice
  • New passwords fields must match

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

Password successfully reset.

Invalid login

Enter your password to login.

Invalid login
Invalid login
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Forgot password?

Two-step verification

In order to change your password, we need to verify your identity. We will send an authorization code to the email address on file.

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login Your account has been temporarily locked because of too many failed login attempts. Please try again later. The code entered has expired. Please request a new code to continue. The code entered is not valid. Please request a new code to continue. Email address format is not valid. Your account has not been verified. Please check your email for instructions on how to verify your credentials. Your account has been disabled. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login This account has reached its limit for daily password resets. Please try again in 24 hours. Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. That password was recently used. Please enter a new one. Password is not strong enough. Password cannot contain any forbidden words. Password is a commonly used password. Password cannot contain common words. Password cannot contain repeating characters. Password cannot contain sequence of characters. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. The account information you provided does not match our records. This account is not authorized to perform the request you've initiated. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. We are unable to log you out of all the application Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

Two-step verification

Enter the 6-digit code sent to your email

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login Your account has been temporarily locked because of too many failed login attempts. Please try again later. The code entered has expired. Please request a new code to continue. The code entered is not valid. Please request a new code to continue. Email address format is not valid. Your account has not been verified. Please check your email for instructions on how to verify your credentials. Your account has been disabled. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login This account has reached its limit for daily password resets. Please try again in 24 hours. Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. That password was recently used. Please enter a new one. Password is not strong enough. Password cannot contain any forbidden words. Password is a commonly used password. Password cannot contain common words. Password cannot contain repeating characters. Password cannot contain sequence of characters. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. The account information you provided does not match our records. This account is not authorized to perform the request you've initiated. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. We are unable to log you out of all the application Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

Please create a new password

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login Your account has been temporarily locked because of too many failed login attempts. Please try again later. The code entered has expired. Please request a new code to continue. The code entered is not valid. Please request a new code to continue. Email address format is not valid. Your account has not been verified. Please check your email for instructions on how to verify your credentials. Your account has been disabled. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login This account has reached its limit for daily password resets. Please try again in 24 hours. Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. That password was recently used. Please enter a new one. Password is not strong enough. Password cannot contain any forbidden words. Password is a commonly used password. Password cannot contain common words. Password cannot contain repeating characters. Password cannot contain sequence of characters. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. The account information you provided does not match our records. This account is not authorized to perform the request you've initiated. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. We are unable to log you out of all the application Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.
  • Must be at least 9 characters long
  • Must have at least one capital letter
  • Must have a number
  • Must have a special character
  • Cannot contain any characters that repeat more than twice
  • New passwords fields must match

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

Password successfully reset.

Two-step verification

In order to change your password, we need to verify your identity. We will send an authorization code to the email address on file.

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login Your account has been temporarily locked because of too many failed login attempts. Please try again later. The code entered has expired. Please request a new code to continue. The code entered is not valid. Please request a new code to continue. Email address format is not valid. Your account has not been verified. Please check your email for instructions on how to verify your credentials. Your account has been disabled. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login This account has reached its limit for daily password resets. Please try again in 24 hours. Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. That password was recently used. Please enter a new one. Password is not strong enough. Password cannot contain any forbidden words. Password is a commonly used password. Password cannot contain common words. Password cannot contain repeating characters. Password cannot contain sequence of characters. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. The account information you provided does not match our records. This account is not authorized to perform the request you've initiated. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. We are unable to log you out of all the application Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

Please enter you new phone number

Invalid number
Invalid country code
Number is too short
Number is too long
Invalid number
Invalid number
An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login Your account has been temporarily locked because of too many failed login attempts. Please try again later. The code entered has expired. Please request a new code to continue. The code entered is not valid. Please request a new code to continue. Email address format is not valid. Your account has not been verified. Please check your email for instructions on how to verify your credentials. Your account has been disabled. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login This account has reached its limit for daily password resets. Please try again in 24 hours. Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. That password was recently used. Please enter a new one. Password is not strong enough. Password cannot contain any forbidden words. Password is a commonly used password. Password cannot contain common words. Password cannot contain repeating characters. Password cannot contain sequence of characters. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. The account information you provided does not match our records. This account is not authorized to perform the request you've initiated. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. We are unable to log you out of all the application Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while registering your account. Please try again.

Your account phone number has been changed successfully

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An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login Your account has been temporarily locked because of too many failed login attempts. Please try again later. The code entered has expired. Please request a new code to continue. The code entered is not valid. Please request a new code to continue. Email address format is not valid. Your account has not been verified. Please check your email for instructions on how to verify your credentials. Your account has been disabled. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login This account has reached its limit for daily password resets. Please try again in 24 hours. Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. That password was recently used. Please enter a new one. Password is not strong enough. Password cannot contain any forbidden words. Password is a commonly used password. Password cannot contain common words. Password cannot contain repeating characters. Password cannot contain sequence of characters. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. The account information you provided does not match our records. This account is not authorized to perform the request you've initiated. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. We are unable to log you out of all the application Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

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Invalid login
An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login Your account has been temporarily locked because of too many failed login attempts. Please try again later. The code entered has expired. Please request a new code to continue. The code entered is not valid. Please request a new code to continue. Email address format is not valid. Your account has not been verified. Please check your email for instructions on how to verify your credentials. Your account has been disabled. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login This account has reached its limit for daily password resets. Please try again in 24 hours. Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. That password was recently used. Please enter a new one. Password is not strong enough. Password cannot contain any forbidden words. Password is a commonly used password. Password cannot contain common words. Password cannot contain repeating characters. Password cannot contain sequence of characters. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. The account information you provided does not match our records. This account is not authorized to perform the request you've initiated. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. We are unable to log you out of all the application Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while validating your email address. Please try again.

Email sent

If you have a valid account with us, you will receive an email with instructions to reset your password.

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login Your account has been temporarily locked because of too many failed login attempts. Please try again later. The code entered has expired. Please request a new code to continue. The code entered is not valid. Please request a new code to continue. Email address format is not valid. Your account has not been verified. Please check your email for instructions on how to verify your credentials. Your account has been disabled. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login This account has reached its limit for daily password resets. Please try again in 24 hours. Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. That password was recently used. Please enter a new one. Password is not strong enough. Password cannot contain any forbidden words. Password is a commonly used password. Password cannot contain common words. Password cannot contain repeating characters. Password cannot contain sequence of characters. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. The account information you provided does not match our records. This account is not authorized to perform the request you've initiated. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. We are unable to log you out of all the application Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

Two-step verification

In order to change your password, we need to verify your identity. We will send an authorization code to the email address on file.

An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login Your account has been temporarily locked because of too many failed login attempts. Please try again later. The code entered has expired. Please request a new code to continue. The code entered is not valid. Please request a new code to continue. Email address format is not valid. Your account has not been verified. Please check your email for instructions on how to verify your credentials. Your account has been disabled. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. Invalid login This account has reached its limit for daily password resets. Please try again in 24 hours. Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. That password was recently used. Please enter a new one. Password is not strong enough. Password cannot contain any forbidden words. Password is a commonly used password. Password cannot contain common words. Password cannot contain repeating characters. Password cannot contain sequence of characters. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. The account information you provided does not match our records. This account is not authorized to perform the request you've initiated. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later. We are unable to log you out of all the application Password does not meet password strength requirements. Please try again. An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again later.

Two-step verification

Please enter the 6-digit code sent to your email. If you have not received a code, you may not have a registered account.

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Winter is coming

“Winter Is coming” is the motto of House Stark from HBO’s critically acclaimed Game of Throne’s television series. The meaning behind these words is one of warning and constant vigilance. The Starks, being the Wardens of the North strive to always be prepared for the coming of winter which hits their lands the hardest. You may be asking, what does this have to do with investing? We believe that the same analogy can be made for asset allocation. Instead of winter, investors need to consider the potential of an upcoming recession. Let’s be clear, we do not believe the odds of a recession for 2019 are particularly high. In fact, we do not hold a high conviction that any of the typical signs of recession are present today. However, we are clearly in the later stages of this economic cycle. In the United States, this is currently the second longest economic expansion post World War II and as of July, will be the longest expansion in history. Although the play is not over, we are clearly in the third act. 

This is a bar chart showing the duration of economic expansions and contractions in the United States from peaks to troughs starting in 1948 through to March 2019 in months. In the United States, the current period is the second longest economic expansion post World War 2 lasting 117 months as at March 31, 2019. And and as of July, it will be the longest expansion in history. From 1948 through to 2007, the average recession lasted about 11 months while the average expansion lasted about 58 months. Source: Bloomberg, Manulife Investments. As of March 31, 2019.

Knowing that we are closer to the end than the middle stage of the economic cycle, how should we consider an asset allocation strategy to weather the next recession? To answer this question, we looked at the previous six recessions in the U.S. (1974, 1980, 1981-1982, 1990, and 2008) and how various indices/asset classes performed. Specifically, we looked at the performance of U.S. stocks (S&P 500 Index) , U.S. government bonds, U.S. investment grade corporate bonds, U.S. high yield bonds, gold, oil and the Canadian dollar through the 12 and 24 months prior to the recession (viewed as late cycle), during the recession, from the equity market peak to trough, 1 year following the trough and finally 12 and 24 months after the recession (viewed as early expansion).

What perhaps may be surprising to many is that there was not a clear and consistent relationship of performance with respect to commodities and currency in each of the previous six recessions. For example, the year prior to the recessions of 1974, 1980 and 2008, gold was a great investment with an average return of 67%. But gold was a terrible investment during the recessions of 1981-82, 1990, and 2001 with an average loss of -16%. A similar inconsistent relationship occurred for oil and the CADUSD. 

However, as the table below illustrates, there are some ‘big picture’ themes that emerge and none of them should be a surprise. 

This is a bar chart showing the average returns of five different asset classes pre- and post-recessions from 1973-2018. The chart looks at the following asset classes: the S&P 500 Index, United States Aggregate Bonds, United States government bonds, United States investment grade corporate bonds, and United States high yield bonds over several different time frames: 12 and 24 months prior to the recession, during the recession, from the equity market peak to trough, 1 year following the trough and finally 12 and 24 months after the recession. Source: Manulife Investments, Bloomberg. As of March 31, 2019.
This table follows from the previous chart and shows the average returns of the S&P 500 Index, United States government bonds, United States investment grade corporate bonds, United States high yield bonds, and the Canadian dollar over several different time frames: 12 and 24 months prior to the recession, during the recession, from the equity market peak to trough, 1 year following the trough and finally 12 and 24 months after the recession. United States government bonds and United States corporate bonds data is as of 1980. United States high yield bond data is as of 1990. Source: Manulife Investments, Bloomberg. As of March 31, 2019.

The first theme that we would highlight is that investors can shift from equities into fixed income as early as two years prior to a recession without giving up too much upside.

It should come as no surprise that the S&P 500 typically outperforms US government bonds over the two-years leading into a recession. During the previous five recessions, the average annualized returns of the S&P 500 and US government bond indices have been 8.3% and 6.1% respectively (it should be noted fixed income data was not available for the 24-month period ahead of the 1974 recession).

In the twelve months prior to a recession the decision between equities and bonds isn’t quite as clear cut. Equities outperformed government bonds in three of the six recessions by an average of 9.5%. However, the benefits of holding bonds during a recession becomes abundantly clear with the S&P 500 Index and US government bond index returning on average -7.7% and 12.5% respectively during the past six recessions.

We continue to hear (and in fact have preached it ourselves) that equities historically continue to rally following an inverted yield curve and ahead of a recession. While this is true, what we would highlight from our work is that if investors are concerned with regards to the risk of a recession within the next 24 months, then it is not too early to start shifting an asset allocation more defensively. Or in other words, don’t pick up nickels in front of a steam roller. This metaphor was created to illustrate the willingness of investors to pick up historically small relative gains from equities while ignoring the massive destruction that slowly bears down on them (pun intended). Keeping this in mind and given where we are in cycle, taking advantage of rallies to reduce equities and allocating the proceeds into fixed income may be worth considering. This strategy may result in underperformance over the short-term, but performance will be validated should the recession (and bear market) strike.

The second theme we would highlight would be that history has shown investors have been well served to move up credit quality in advance of a recession.

Apart from the 1990 recession, investors were rewarded by improving the quality of their bonds twelve months leading into a recession. On average, US government bonds have outperformed US credit by 4.0% twelve months leading into a recession. The exception of 1990 saw US credit outperform US government bonds by less than 1.0% so investors were not necessarily penalized materially by increasing the quality of their fixed income. US high yield data does not exist prior to the 1990 recession but since that period US government bonds, US credit and US high yield have returned on average 9.5%, 8.1% and 1.7% respectively, fitting nicely with the narrative of the importance of improving the credit quality of the fixed income in a balanced portfolio prior to a recession.

The third theme we noticed would be to shift back into equity, and/or down the credit spectrum coming out of a recession.

Nothing groundbreaking here but the speed in which a portfolio is transitioned back into equities will likely be more important coming out of the next recession with respect to capturing the upside of a recovery. Generally, investors have not given up material returns by holding either US credit or US high yield over equities coming out of a recession. Over the past four recessions (three for high yield), the S&P 500, US credit and US high yield averaged approximately 44%, 17% and 46%.

We believe in the next recession, the shift back into equities will become more important with respect to upside potential over bonds since fixed income yields today are materially lower than in the past. For example, by the end of the recessions in 1990, 2001 and 2008 the yield on a 10-year US government bond was 8.1%, 4.8% and 3.5%. Since the financial crisis of 2008, the low of the US 10-year government bond yield was 1.36% (July 8ᵗʰ, 2016) and may likely be much lower by the end of the next recession. Due to the prevailing low interest rate environment, we expect it will be more important to allocate back into equities faster with respect to maximizing portfolio returns.

We believe where we are in the economic and market cycle, and where we may be heading in the next 24 months, that starting to shift from equities into bonds can reduce the potential downside risk without materially giving up much upside. The average peak to trough sell-off in equities over the past six recessions has been approximately -36%, and with many Canadians’ investment horizons becoming shorter over the past decade (i.e. older median population age and therefore closer to retirement), investors may not have the luxury of time nor the appetite to wait and recoup the losses experienced in an equity bear market. We are not suggesting a recession or bear market are imminent, however we do need to be respectful of the duration of the current economic cycle and where we are within it. And therefore, we believe that a balanced asset allocation with an eye to shifting more defensively over the coming year may serve investors well.

In Game of Thrones Ned Stark says “when the snow falls, and the white winds blow, the lone wolf dies but the pack survives” which is an interesting way to also think of your asset allocation within your own portfolio.

Appendix:

This table follows from the previous table focusing on the 1974 recessionary period and shows the average returns of the S&P 500 Index, United States Aggregate Bonds, United States government bonds, United States investment grade corporate bonds, United States high yield bonds, Gold, Oil and the Canadian dollar over several different time frames: 12 and 24 months prior to the recession, during the recession, from the equity market peak to trough, 1 year following the trough and finally 12 and 24 months after the recession.
This table follows from the previous table focusing on the 1980 recessionary period and shows the average returns of the S&P 500 Index, United States Aggregate Bonds, United States government bonds, United States investment grade corporate bonds, United States high yield bonds, Gold, Oil and the Canadian dollar over several different time frames: 12 and 24 months prior to the recession, during the recession, from the equity market peak to trough, 1 year following the trough and finally 12 and 24 months after the recession.
This table follows from the previous table focusing on the 1981-1982 recessionary period and shows the average returns of the S&P 500 Index, United States Aggregate Bonds, United States government bonds, United States investment grade corporate bonds, United States high yield bonds, Gold, Oil and the Canadian dollar over several different time frames: 12 and 24 months prior to the recession, during the recession, from the equity market peak to trough, 1 year following the trough and finally 12 and 24 months after the recession.
This table follows from the previous table focusing on the 1990 recessionary period and shows the average returns of the S&P 500 Index, United States Aggregate Bonds, United States government bonds, United States investment grade corporate bonds, United States high yield bonds, Gold, Oil and the Canadian dollar over several different time frames: 12 and 24 months prior to the recession, during the recession, from the equity market peak to trough, 1 year following the trough and finally 12 and 24 months after the recession.
This table follows from the previous table focusing on the 2001 recessionary period and shows the average returns of the S&P 500 Index, United States Aggregate Bonds, United States government bonds, United States investment grade corporate bonds, United States high yield bonds, Gold, Oil and the Canadian dollar over several different time frames: 12 and 24 months prior to the recession, during the recession, from the equity market peak to trough, 1 year following the trough and finally 12 and 24 months after the recession.
This table follows from the previous table focusing on the 2008 recessionary period and shows the average returns of the S&P 500 Index, United States Aggregate Bonds, United States government bonds, United States investment grade corporate bonds, United States high yield bonds, Gold, Oil and the Canadian dollar over several different time frames: 12 and 24 months prior to the recession, during the recession, from the equity market peak to trough, 1 year following the trough and finally 12 and 24 months after the recession.
This table follows from the previous tables taking into account recessionary periods from 1973 to present and shows the average returns of the S&P 500 Index, United States Aggregate Bonds, United States government bonds, United States investment grade corporate bonds, United States high yield bonds, Gold, Oil and the Canadian dollar over several different time frames: 12 and 24 months prior to the recession, during the recession, from the equity market peak to trough, 1 year following the trough and finally 12 and 24 months after the recession.

A rise in interest rates typically causes bond prices to fall. The longer the average maturity of the bonds held by a fund, the more sensitive a fund is likely to be to interest-rate changes. The yield earned by a fund will vary with changes in interest rates.

Currency risk is the risk that fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect the value of a fund’s investments.

This material, intended for the exclusive use by the recipients who are allowable to receive this document under the applicable laws and regulations of the relevant jurisdictions, was produced by and the opinions expressed are those of Manulife Investments as of the date of this publication, and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. The information and/or analysis contained in this material have been compiled or arrived at from sources believed to be reliable but Manulife Investments does not make any representation as to their accuracy, correctness, usefulness or completeness and does not accept liability for any loss arising from the use hereof or the information and/or analysis contained herein. The information in this document including statements concerning financial market trends, are based on current market conditions, which will fluctuate and may be superseded by subsequent market events or for other reasons. Manulife Investments disclaims any responsibility to update such information. Neither Manulife Investments or its affiliates, nor any of their directors, officers or employees shall assume any liability or responsibility for any direct or indirect loss or damage or any other consequence of any person acting or not acting in reliance on the information contained herein.

All overviews and commentary are intended to be general in nature and for current interest. While helpful, these overviews are no substitute for professional tax, investment or legal advice. Clients should seek professional advice for their particular situation. Neither Manulife Financial, Manulife Investments™, nor any of their affiliates or representatives is providing tax, investment or legal advice. Past performance does not guarantee future results. This material was prepared solely for informational purposes, does not constitute an offer or an invitation by or on behalf of Manulife Investments to any person to buy or sell any security and is no indication of trading intent in any fund or account managed by Manulife Investments. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Unless otherwise specified, all data is sourced from Manulife Investments.

This commentary reflects the views of the sub-advisor(s) of Manulife Investments. These views are subject to change as market and other conditions warrant. Commissions, trailing commissions, management fees and expenses all may be associated with mutual fund investments. Please read the prospectus before investing. Mutual funds are not guaranteed, their values change frequently and past performance may not be repeated. Manulife Funds, Manulife Corporate Classes and Manulife Leaders Portfolios are managed by Manulife Investments, a division of Manulife Investments. 

Kevin Headland, CIM

Kevin Headland, CIM, 

Co-Chief Investment Strategist

Manulife Investment Management

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Macan Nia, CFA

Macan Nia, CFA, 

Co-Chief Investment Strategist

Manulife Investment Management

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